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2.
Rev. am. med. respir ; 12(1): 10-16, mar. 2012. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-661928

ABSTRACT

Tratar con antibioticos una TAV, proceso intermedio entre colonizacion y neumonia asociada al ventilador (NAV), reduciria la incidencia de NAV y sus consecuencias. Metodos: seguimiento clinico diario y cultivos cuantitativos rutinarios de aspirado traqueal (CRAT) bisemanales hasta el destete en 323 pacientes en ventilacion mecanica. Cuando se sospecho clinicamente infeccion (2/3 criterios), si habia infiltrado radiografico nuevo, se diagnostico NAV y se practico lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) y sin infiltrado nuevo, se diagnostico TAV, se consideraron los aislamientos del LBA positivos (¡Ý 104 unidades formadoras de colonias (ufc)/ml) para la NAV) y del CRAT positivos (¡Ý 103 y < 106 ufc/ml (bajo recuento) y ¡Ý 106 ufc/ml (alto recuento)) para TAV. Resultados: 443 de 2.309 radiografias mostraban ausencia de infiltrado o infiltrado difuso estable; 92 cumplian criterios de TAV, 13 de estas, 12 con CRAT ¡Ý 106 ufc/ml, tuvieron una NAV en los siguientes 3 dias (12 con cultivo de LBA ¡Ý104 ufc/ml). En estas NAV, 11/15 (73.3%) de los pat¨®genos coincidian con los de la TAV precedente. Desde otro punto de vista, 10 TAVs ocurrieron durante la semana posterior a una NAV, solo 4/12(33.3%) patogenos de estas coincidian con los de la TAV, p=0.045 comparando con TAV precediendo a NAV. Setenta TAVs no tuvieron relacion temporal con NAVs. Discusion: este estudio sugiere que tratar con antibioticos las TAVs podria prevenir una NAV en 14% de los casos, exponiendo a un uso innecesario al 86%, lo cual limitaria fuertemente la conveniencia de tratar las TAVs para prevenir las NAVs.


The ventilator associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) is a process between airway colonization and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The antimicrobial therapy of VAT wouldreduce the incidence of VAP and its consequences. Methods: Daily follow up and twice a week routine quantitative culture of endotracheal aspirates (CETA) up to weaning were performed in 323 mechanically ventilated patients.When a lower respiratory tract infection was suspected (2/3 clinical criteria), if a new radiographic inf¨ªltrate was present, VAP was diagnosed and a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) culture was performed; if a radiographic infiltrate was absent, VAT was diagnosed. The bacteriological criteria for diagnosis were a BAL culture positive (¡Ý 104 colony forming units - cfu/ml) for VAP and a CETA positive culture (low count from ¡Ý 103 to < 106 cfu/ml and high count ¡Ý 106 ufc/ml) for VAT. Results: In 443 of 2,309 radiographs an infiltrate was absent or was diffuse and stable; 92 of them met diagnostic clinical criteria for VAT. In 13 (12 with CETA culture ¡Ý 106 cfu/ml), a VAP episode happened during the following 3 days (12 with BAL culture ¡Ý 104 cfu/ml). In 11/15 (73.3%) VAP cases, the isolated pathogens were the same that had been present in the preceding VAT episode. On the other side, ten episodes of VAT were diagnosed during the 7 days after the VAP. Only 4/12 (33.3%) isolated pathogens were the same than those isolated in the VAT preceding the VAP, p=0.045. Seventy VATs had not any temporal relationship with episodes of VAP. Discusion: This study suggests that antimicrobial therapy could prevent a VAP in 14% of the TAV cases. Therefore, exposure to antibiotics was unnecessary in 86% of cases. This finding could represent a severe limitation to the recommendation of treating TAVs with antibiotics to prevent VAPs.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Bronchitis/epidemiology , Cross Infection/epidemiology , Respiration, Artificial , Tracheitis/epidemiology , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Bronchitis/etiology , Cohort Studies , Intensive Care Units , Cross Infection/etiology , Length of Stay
3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 67(3): 282-284, 2007. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-483407

ABSTRACT

La pielonefritis enfisematosa es una forma poco común de infección renal, caracterizada por la presencia de bacterias coliformes productoras de gas que afecta preferentemente a los pacientes diabéticos. Comunicamos el caso de una mujer diabética de 57 años de edad que ingresó en el hospital por un shock séptico, signos de pielonefritis enfisematosa aguda bilateral y cetoacidosis diabética. En los cultivos de las muestras de orina y sangre desarrolló Escherichia coli. La paciente fue tratada exitosamente con antibióticos de amplio espectro por un tiempo prolongado, control diabético y medidas de sostén solamente. No fue necesario el drenaje con catéteres o la nefrectomía para superar esta situación potencialmente letal.


Emphysematous pyelonephritis is a rare form of kidney infection characterized by the presence of gas-forming coliform bacteria which affects more frequently diabetic subjects. We report the case of a 57-years-old diabetic woman, who was admitted in septic shock, signs of acute bilateral emphysematous pyelonephritis, and diabetic ketoacidosis. Both blood and urine cultures yielded Escherichia coli. The patient was successfully treated using longterm broad-spectrum antibiotics, diabetic control and supportive measures alone. Catheter drainage and nephrectomy were not necessary to overcome this life threatening situation.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Pyelonephritis/therapy , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Fluid Therapy , Pyelonephritis/drug therapy , Pyelonephritis , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
4.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 66(3): 237-241, 2006.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-440708

ABSTRACT

Se estudió la influencia de la abstención y retiro del soporte vital en la muerte ocurrida en un servicio de Terapia Intensiva durante un período de 32 meses. Sobre 2640 pacientes ingresados se registró la conducta terapéutica en 548 muertos, clasificando la misma en cinco categorías: (i) tratamiento completo, (ii) tratamiento completo con orden de no resucitación (ONR), (iii) abstención de soporte vital, (iv) retiro de soporte vital y (v) muerte cerebral. Hubo limitación terapéutica de soporte vital en el 45.6% (n= 250) con unpredominio importante de la abstención (ONR y abstención) en el 32.6% respecto del retiro de soporte vital (8.2%). Del estudio comparativo con otras estadísticas surge el hallazgo de un porcentaje global de limitación terapéutica media cercana a comunidades con una cultura similar, aunque con una incidencia de retiro (8.2%) manifiestamente inferior a la registrada en todos los países cualesquiera fuera su actitud frente a la necesidad de establecer diversos grados de control sobre el recurso tecnológico en el paciente crítico. Deberá indagarse la influencia que tiene la percepción moral del dejar de actuar, como un proceder inconveniente en nuestra sociedad, en los resultados observados.


The influence of life support withholding and withdrawal on the deaths which occurred in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) over a period of 32 months was analysed. Of 2640 patients admitted in ICU, one of the following five mutually exclusive categories was registered on the 548 patients who died: (i) complete treatment; (ii) complete treatment with non-resuscitation order (NRO); (iii) withholding of life-sustaining treatment; (iv) withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment; and (v) brain death. There was therapeutic limitation of life support in 45.6% of cases (n=250), with an important majority of withholding (NRO and withholding) in 32.6% of cases, in comparison to withdrawal of life support (8.2% of cases). The comparative analysis with other statistic information suggests the existence of a similar global therapeutic limitation mean in communities with similar cultural background, even if there is a lower influence of life support withdrawal (8.2%) when compared to other countries regardless of their attitude towards the need to establish different degrees of control over technological resources applied to the critically ill. Further research should analyze the influence that moral perception of withdrawal as inconvenient in our society, has over our findings.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Decision Making , Hospital Mortality , Intensive Care Units/statistics & numerical data , Life Support Care , Terminal Care , Withholding Treatment , Argentina/epidemiology , Euthanasia, Passive , Life Support Care/statistics & numerical data , Terminal Care/psychology , Terminal Care/statistics & numerical data , Withholding Treatment/statistics & numerical data
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